Puzzles
Turning squares
Each square on a chessboard contains an arrow point up, down, left or right. You start in the bottom left square. Every second you move one square in the direction shown by the arrow in your square. Just after you move, the arrow on the square you moved from rotates 90° clockwise. If an arrow would take you off the edge of the board, you stay in that square (the arrow will still rotate).
You win the game if you reach the top right square of the chessboard. Can I design a starting arrangement of arrows that will prevent you from winning?
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No, I can't.
If I could, then my arrangement would cause you to follow an infinitely long pattern without visiting this pattern. As there are only a finite number of squares, within this pattern there must be a square that you visit infinitely often. The arrow on this square will point in each direction an infinite number of times, so you must also visit the squares next to this one infinitely often.
For the same reason, you must visit the squares next to them infinitely often, and the squares next to them, and so on. In this way, we see that you visit every square, including the all-important winning square, infinitely often.
The mutilated chessboard
You are given a chessboard where two diagonally opposite corners have been removed and a large bag of dominoes of such size that they exactly cover two adjacent squares on the chessboard.
Is it possible to place 31 dominoes on the chessboard so that all the squares are covered? If yes, how? If no, why not?
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On a normal chessboard there are 32 white and 32 black squares. After removing two diagonally opposite corners there will be 30 white and 32 black or 32 black and 30 white squares.
Each domino covers one white square and one black square. Therefore a combination of dominoes will always cover the same number of black and white squares, so it is not possible to cover all the squares.
Extension
Is it possible to do a
knight's tour on the mutilated chessboard?
Chessboard squares
It was once claimed that there are 204 squares on a chessboard. Can you justify this claim?
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There are 64 1×1 squares, 49 2×2 squares, 36 3×3 squares, 25 4×4 squares, 16 5×5 squares, 9 6×6 squares, 4 7×7 squares and 1 8×8 square on a chessboard.
This can be shown by counting how many positions the top left corner of the square can sit on. For example, the top left corner of a 5×5 square can be in the first four rows and columns of the board (otherwise the square will go off the board) and 4×4=16.
64+49+36+25+16+9+4+1=204.
Extension
How many rectangles are there on a chessboard?
